Production of green Hydrogen from water generated with renewable energies (wind/photovoltaic)
Business Model Description
Establish plants for the production of green hydrogen and its derivatives, from water, generated with renewable energies such as wind or photovoltaic.
Expected Impact
Green hydrogen will close clean energy cycles, given its nature of direct use and storage in difficult access sectors and energy-demanding industries
How is this information gathered?
Investment opportunities with potential to contribute to sustainable development are based on country-level SDG Investor Maps.
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Country & Regions
- Panama: Central Region
Sector Classification
Renewable Resources and Alternative Energy
In Panama, fossil fuels for the year 2020 emitted more than 3,901 megatons of CO2. Renewable resources as alternative energy, are inexhaustible, competitive, clean sources, abundant throughout the planet as they are; hydraulic, wind, solar, geothermal, tidal and biomass-based energy, which are constituted as the replacement of thermal energy.
Political priority
The decisions agreed in 2015 at the COP21 Paris Convention to which Panama subscribed, is a historic starting point to combat climate change and thus encourage each country to generate a viable platform for both State investment as well as the Private with a view to producing energy with low levels of carbon emissions.
Gender and Marginalization
In Panama 6% of the population lacks electricity service. Gender inequality is addressed in Climate Change summits as an important factor in strengthening efforts against climate warming. The link between gender, climate and security has shown positive signs for climate change in the countries with greatest progress fighting against gender inequality.
Investment opportunities
The global alignment in its different Conventions and agreements for the year 2030 and 2050 in relation to climate change, is representing a great investment opportunity for governments as long as in their countries they can generate laws that encourage attracting foreign private capital .
Obstacles such as the lack of alignment of a country to the global trend with climate change, ignorance of technology, ignorance of the social and environmental advantages as well as the incipient Government management.
Alternative Energy
In Panama, more than 35% of its energy matrix is still maintained with fossil combustion. Alternative energy as a substitute for fossil combustion has become the most viable and sustainable option for people in terms of health, as well as for our planet, since they do not generate carbon dioxide and we can obtain it from our natural resources in an abundant way.
Biofuels
Pipeline Opportunity
Production of green Hydrogen from water generated with renewable energies (wind/photovoltaic)
Establish plants for the production of green hydrogen and its derivatives, from water, generated with renewable energies such as wind or photovoltaic.
Business Case
Market Size and Environment
> USD 1 billion
15% - 20%
Oil 30%, Coal 26.5%, Gas 23.3%, Nuclear 5.2%, Hydroelectric 2.7%, Biomass 9.9%, Renewables 2.5%
Currently the global energy matrix is made up of 79.8% fossil fuels, 5% nuclear and 15.1% renewable sources. The projections of the different associations and climatic organizations foresee a significant increase by 2050 in energy production based on renewable resources by 10% more (25%).
Indicative Return
15% - 20%
Considering green hydrogen depends on availability of local renewable energy, and that 70% of its cost corresponds to the cost of renewable electricity, Panama can offer competitive prices for renewable generation since it has a legal and regulatory framework favorable for their development.
The “Hydrogen Economy Outlook” report shows that green hydrogen could be produced at US$0.8 - US$1.6/kg in several countries before 2050 and the demand in the EU together with the UK would be approx. 16.9 Mt in 2030 and 57 Mt in 2050 and that LAC countries will supply the needs for green hydrogen.
Investment Timeframe
Medium Term (5–10 years)
According to the experience of similar projects, the time required for its construction and commercial development is from 5 to 10 years.
Ticket Size
> USD 10 million
Market Risks & Scale Obstacles
Capital - Limited Investor Interest
Business - Business Model Unproven
Impact Case
Sustainable Development Need
Fossil fuels in Panama emitted 9,301 Megatons of CO2 for the year 2020, placing the country in position No. 76 out of 184 countries.
Currently Panama at the end of April 2022 the unemployment rate stood at 9.9% and informality within the economically active population increased by 0.6%, remaining at 48.2%.
Expected Development Outcome
According to the National Energy Plan 2015-2050, Panama aims to increase the use of renewable energy by 2050, setting a goal of a 15% increase in non-hydroelectric renewable energy capacity by 2030 and 30% by 2050 to reduce sector emissions by 11 million tons by 2030 and 60 million tons by 2050.
Gender & Marginalisation
Primary SDGs addressed
7.b.1 Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)
In Panama until 2013 there was only thermal and hydro generation and from 2014 onwards, wind and photovoltaic energy is incorporated with significant growth to date. Green hydrogen would come to further consolidate the Energy Transition Agenda, with a view to decarbonizing activities that are difficult to electrify (Heavy Transportation, Industries)
Panama generates 3,800 MW installed with a firm capacity of 2,800 on average supply and an internal demand of 2,000 MW. Currently its Energy Matrix is 62.95% renewable energy and the non-renewable difference. The participation of solar energy as a renewable resource is 10% at the end of 2021 and represents 5.87 (e-5) MW per capita.
The Global Hydrogen Report (IEA, 2021) states that in 2020, 81 pilot projects were already in operation, most of which are in Europe. However, Latin America is advancing in the production of green hydrogen and had a portfolio of more than 25 projects, including several at a gigawatt scale for export. IRENA estimates that hydrogen will account for up to 12% of the world's energy use by 2050.
Secondary SDGs addressed
Directly impacted stakeholders
Planet
Public sector
Indirectly impacted stakeholders
People
Outcome Risks
Efficiency risk: energy from renewable sources, key to generating green hydrogen through electrolysis, is more expensive to generate, which in turn makes obtaining hydrogen more expensive.
Efficiency risk: the availability of electricity from renewable sources and the availability of water.
Impact Risks
Danger: Hydrogen is difficult to detect. It is still less dangerous than natural gas, propane or butane. Hydrogen is light as it disperses quickly in the air. Care must be taken with materials used
Impact Classification
What
Generation of clean energy through renewable resources.
Who
Positive impact of no global warming and a better healthy climate for people.
Risk
High cost of energy produced by the non-efficiency of the resources used.
Impact Thesis
Green hydrogen will close clean energy cycles, given its nature of direct use and storage in difficult access sectors and energy-demanding industries
Enabling Environment
Policy Environment
Country's Energy Transition Agenda, approved in November 2020 by the Cabinet Council, as part of the Public Policies package. By January 2022 through the Official Digital Gazette, the Green Hydrogen Route, first phase, is published.
On September 21, 2016 Panama ratified, accepted, approved, its adherence to the historic Paris agreement on climate change and established the creation of a Ministry, laws and the path of a National Strategic Plan 2015-2050.
Ministry of the Environment with governing functions to formulate, apply, plan, direct, coordinate, execute and evaluate the National Environmental Policy, applicable to all levels of government.
In November 2020, the Cabinet Council approved the strategic guidelines of the Energy Transition Agenda, a measure that seeks to encourage investment in the sector, improve competitiveness and bring electricity to the communities indicated in the Beehive Plan.
Financial Environment
Financial incentives: The business model of this IOA maintains access to financing under normal conditions with local private banks, as well as management in international financial markets or with more favorable options with multilateral entities in the region.
As part of the promotion elements of the Global Route of Green Hydrogen, the authorization of free Zones for trade and storage of Green Hydrogen and energy based on this will be included in the modification of the legal framework of hydrocarbons in Panama.
Regulatory Environment
General Environmental Law No. 41; which establishes the basic principles and standards for the protection and promotion of the sustainable use of natural resources. It also orders environmental management and integrates it with social and economic objectives.
National Secretariat of Energy; It is in charge of conducting the country's energy policy, within the current constitutional framework, to guarantee a sufficient, high-quality, economically viable and environmentally sustainable supply of energy resources.
National Authority of Public Services (ASEP); It is an autonomous regulatory entity that oversees the provision of water supply, sewerage, telecommunications, natural gas and electricity. Establishes rules, regulations, enforceable acts and their compliance.
Law 37 of June 10, 2013, is a regulation that establishes incentives for the construction, operation and maintenance of solar power plants or installations.
Law No. 45 2004 establishing the regime of Incentives for Promoting Hydroelectric Generation Systems and other Renewable and Clean sources. This was regulated in 2009 through Executive Decree 45 of June 10, 2009 and provides incentives for the construction and development of clean technology plants
Marketplace Participants
Private Sector
Capital or local private equity contribution, bank financing under normal conditions of local and international banks, foreign investment.
Government
Ministry of the Environment, National Secretariat of Energy, Public Services Authority.
Public-Private Partnership
Promulgation in the Official Gazette of January 2021, the regulation of Law 93 of September 19, 2019, which created the Public-Private Partnership (APP) Regime for development as an incentive for private investment, by social development and job creation.
Target Locations
Panama: Central Region
References
- (1) IRENA (2018), Hydrogen from renewable power: Technology outlook for the energy transition, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Sep/Hydrogen-from-renewable-power
- (2) Autonación.com, 12/10/2021, https://www.autonocion.com/hidrogeno-como-combustible/
- (3) AGRITOTAL, MAY 2022, https://www.agritotal.com/nota/hidrogeno-verde-una-inversion-que-podria-generar-casi-us-200-millones-anuales/
- (4)) statista, Rosa Fernández, 06/16/2022https://es.statista.com/temas/9077/el-hidrogeno-verde/#topicHeader__wrapper
- (5) Ministry of the Presidency, https://www.presidencia.gob.pa/Noticias/Ejecutivo-reglamenta-la-Ley-93-de-19-de-septiembre-de-2019-que-creo-el-Regime-of-Association-Public-Private-APP-
- (6) National Government, RESOLUTION No. MIPRE-2022-0002354 of January 24, 2022, GREEN HYDROGEN ROADMAP, https://sigob.presidencia.gob.pa/consulta/?id=p20flzLITUy9F0BcJ0g%2FLoaq6IvHlWD6Lqwxhj45Abc%3D
- (7) IRENA (2019), Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Sep/Hydrogen-A-renewable-energy-perspective
- (8) MiAmbiente 2016. National Water Security Plan. https://www.pa.undp.org/content/panama/es/home/library/environment_energy/plna_seguridad_hidrica_agua_para_todos.html
- (9) ACP (2021). https://micanaldepanama.com/canal-depanama-inicia-proceso-con-miras-a-convertirse-encarbono-neutral-para-el-ano-2030
- (10). Ministry of the environment Dec/2020, Panama delivers commitments to the United Nations convention. https://www.miambiente.gob.pa/panama-entrega-compromiso-a-la-convencion-de-las-naciones-unidas-sobre-cambio-climatico/
- (11) UN, COP21, 2015 Paris Agreement, Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/en/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement